blog
2016-12-13
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Mac OS启动服务
Mac下的启动服务主要有三个地方可配置:
1,系统偏好设置->帐户->登陆项
2,/System/Library/StartupItems 和 /Library/StartupItems/
3,launchd 系统初始化进程配置。
前两种优化比较简单,本文主要介绍的是第三种更为复杂的launchd配置优化。
launchd是Mac OS下,用于初始化系统环境的关键进程。类似Linux下的init, rc。
我们先来看一下Mac OS X的启动原理:
1,mac固件激活,初始化硬件,加载BootX引导器。
2,BootX加载内核与内核扩展(kext)。
3,内核启动launchd进程。
4,launchd根据 /System/Library/LaunchAgents ,/System/Library/LaunchDaemons , /Library/LaunchDaemons,/Library/LaunchAgents , ~/Library/LaunchAgents里的plist配置,启动服务守护进程。
看完了Mac OS X的启动原理,我们不难发觉/System/Library/LaunchAgents ,/System/Library/LaunchDaemons , /Library/LaunchDaemons,/Library/LaunchAgents五个目录下的plist属性文件是优化系统的关键。
下面再来理解几个基础概念:
/System/Library和/Library和~/Library目录的区别?
/System/Library目录是存放Apple自己开发的软件。
/Library目录是系统管理员存放的第三方软件。
~/Library/是用户自己存放的第三方软件。
LaunchDaemons和LaunchAgents的区别?
LaunchDaemons是用户未登陆前就启动的服务(守护进程)。
LaunchAgents是用户登陆后启动的服务(守护进程)。
上面提到的五个目录下的plist文件格式及每个字段的含义:
看不懂上面地plist配置吗?没关系,我们的优化策略是完全卸载服务,所以我们不用关心plist里的配置含义。
| Key | Description | Required |
| Label | The name of the job | yes |
| ProgramArguments | Strings to pass to the program when it is executed | yes |
| UserName | The job will be run as the given user, who may not necessarily be the one who submitted it to launchd. | no |
| inetdCompatibility | Indicates that the daemon expects to be run as if it were launched by?inetd | no |
| Program | The path to your executable. This key can save the ProgramArguments key for flags and arguments. | no |
| onDemand | A?boolean?flag that defines if a job runs continuously or not | no |
| RootDirectory | The job will be?chrooted?into another directory | no |
| ServiceIPC | Whether the daemon can speak IPC to launchd | no |
| WatchPaths | Allows launchd to start a job based on modifications at a file-system path | no |
| QueueDirectories | Similar to WatchPath, a queue will only watch an empty directory for new files | no |
| StartInterval | Used to schedule a job that runs on a repeating schedule. Specified as the number of seconds to wait between runs. | no |
| StartCalendarInterval | Job scheduling. The?syntax?is similar to?cron. | no |
| HardResourceLimits | Controls restriction of the resources consumed by any job | no |
| LowPriorityIO | Tells the kernel that this task is of a low priority when doing file system I/O | no |
| Sockets | An array can be used to specify what socket the daemon will listen on for launch on demand | no |